Landscape assessment of a 100-year-old sacred forest within a shrine using geotagged visitor employed photography

The forest of Meiji-Jingu shrine was afforested 100 years ago with the aim creating a sublime one century later. In this study, we conducted visual landscape assessment to explore whether had reached status. Specifically, spatial condition associated sublimity and types that made visitors feel were assessed using combination data collected from geotagged visitor employed photography questionnaires. We performed hotspot analysis Getis-Ord Gi* statistics average nearest neighbor method identify their characteristics provided sense sublimity, content semantic differential determine how current perceived Meiji-Jingu. main findings as follows: (1) evaluated sublime; (2) tree height large trunk most important features contributing sublimity; (3) vicinity worship hall, torii at Harajuku gate, bridge identified hotspots; (4) while type, hall rated by visitors. This framework for assessments should be useful future creation conservation high quality forested landscapes.